Arman Le Murex 1967 Collection of the Paris Municipal Museum of Modern Art
Spoerr Children Pour Out Water Too 1967 Collection of St-Etienne Museum of Modern Art
F Dufrene National Theatre 1970 Collection of St-Etienne Museum of Modern Art
Hains Matchboxes from Venice Saffa 1964 Collection of the Paris Municipal Museum of Modern Art
Cesar Valleunga Car Shell No. 168 Collection of the Centre Pompidou, National Museum of Modern Art, Paris
Yves Klein Monochrome Painting in International Blue 1KB3 1960 Collection of the Centre Pompidou, National Museum of Modern Art, Paris
Raysse Portrait 1968 Collection of St-Etienne Museum of Modern Art

Text and images by Chen Chi-Hsiang. Urban and industrial phenomena within these mass media, and the civilization of consumer society imagery. In the 1960s, it particularly manifested modern society's techno-humanism. Yves Klein: The spiritual realm; art is the language of cosmic energy and technical transmutation. Arman: Ready-mades of industrial and consumer society are all sculpture inherent in objects. Jean Tinguely: Ready-mades of industrial society contain all energy within motors and everything they encompass. Daniel Spoerri: Ready-mades are transformations of object transmutation in a dramatic process, revealing an ordinary appearance or equally a magical volume of reality. Niki de Saint-Phalle: Assemblages of social consumer ready-mades, initially completed by shooting, were primary under the same conditions as the works. Later, assembling dramatic object forms. Martial Raysse: Absorbing urban facts and the artificial nature of large department store windows, treating reality as such. Jacques de la Villeglé and Raymond Hains: All are painting found on billboards, and all are images within posters. The former focuses on accidental images from torn posters; the latter concentrates on the residual state left after billboard tearing. César: Ready-mades of industrial and consumer society—cars, all power in extraordinary compression, all signs in objects, ordinary objects transformed into unfortunate art. Christo: Camouflaged ready-mades, all magic in wrapping, transforming plain reality to dramatically reveal a mysterious volume.